Cook the pasta: Boil your pasta according to package directions. Drain and rinse under cold water to cool.
Char the corn: If using fresh or thawed corn, cook it in a hot skillet or grill pan until lightly charred (about 5–7 minutes). Let cool.
Make the dressing: In a large bowl, whisk together mayonnaise, sour cream, lime juice, chili powder, smoked paprika, salt, and pepper.
Combine everything: Add the cooked pasta, charred corn, red onion, jalapeño, and cilantro to the bowl. Toss until everything is evenly coated.
Add cheese: Gently fold in the cotija cheese, reserving a little for topping.
Chill and serve: Cover and refrigerate for at least 30 minutes before serving to let the flavors meld. Sprinkle with remaining cheese and a dash of chili powder before serving.